Zoratipour, A., Azadi, H. (2016). Experimental Investigation of Rill Creating Hydraulic Conditions in the Marl Rangelands in a Tilting Flume. Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 2(1), 12-26. doi: 10.22055/jhs.2016.12647
Amin Zoratipour; Hossein Azadi. "Experimental Investigation of Rill Creating Hydraulic Conditions in the Marl Rangelands in a Tilting Flume". Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 2, 1, 2016, 12-26. doi: 10.22055/jhs.2016.12647
Zoratipour, A., Azadi, H. (2016). 'Experimental Investigation of Rill Creating Hydraulic Conditions in the Marl Rangelands in a Tilting Flume', Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 2(1), pp. 12-26. doi: 10.22055/jhs.2016.12647
Zoratipour, A., Azadi, H. Experimental Investigation of Rill Creating Hydraulic Conditions in the Marl Rangelands in a Tilting Flume. Journal of Hydraulic Structures, 2016; 2(1): 12-26. doi: 10.22055/jhs.2016.12647
Experimental Investigation of Rill Creating Hydraulic Conditions in the Marl Rangelands in a Tilting Flume
Generally, the evaluation and assessment of the critical condition of rill formation are useful for a better understanding of soil erosion processes. The inherence characteristics of soils, which have much dynamic variations on the hillslopes and are affected by rill formation, are the soil critical shear stress and soil erodibility factors. This study aims to assess experimental rill incision thresholds, the determined soil critical shear and soil erodibility factors on marl formation based on precipitation characteristics and different slope gradients on sensitive marl soil. The results showed that the rainfall intensity and slope steepness factors separately and together can significantly affect the distance from the point of rill initiation; runoff and rill start time and soil loss values. Rainfall intensity showed more importance than the slope gradient in the point of rill formation. There is a significant relationship between rainfall intensity and slope gradient with rill incision point, time of runoff start and rill start and soil loss. The point of rills formation (slope length) decreases with an increase in slope gradient and rainfall intensity. Finally, the results revealed that the values of soil erodibility factor (Kr) and critical shear stress of marl soil are 0.0015s m-1 and 0.267N m-2, respectively.
1. H. Ahmadi, 1999. The applied geomorphology: water erosion vol.1, 3th ed. Tehran University, Tehran. [In Persian]
2. M. Arabkhedri, 2008. Study on Rain Characteristics and Calibration of Rainfall Simulator of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center. Final Report on 83013-0000-01-040000-003-2 Project. Institute of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Tehran. [In Persian]
3. L. Cao, K. Zhang, and W. Zhang, 2009. Detachment of road surface soil by flowing water. Catena 76, 155–162.
4. D.L. Corwin, S.M. Lesch, J.D. Oster, and S.R. Kafka, 2008. Short-term sustainability of drainage water reuse: spatio-temporal impacts on soil chemical properties. Environmental Quality 37, 8-24.
5. R.G. Foster, D.C. Flanagan, M.A. Nearing, L.J. Lane, L.M. Risse, and S.C. Finkner, 1995. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP). Technical documentation. NSERL Report No.10. National Soil Erosion Research Laboratory. USDA-ARS-MWA.1196 SOIL Building. West Lafayette, IN 47907-1196.
6. G. Govers, R. Giménez, and K. Van Oost, 2007. Rill erosion: Exploring the relationship between experiment modelling and field observations. Earth Science Reviews 84, 87–102.
7. G. Govers, 1990. Empirical relationships for the transport capacity of overland flow in erosion, transport and deposition Processes. IAHS 189, 45‐63.
8. G. Govers, 1992. Relationship between discharge, velocity and flow area for rills eroding loose, non-layered materials. Journal of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 17(5), 515‐528.
9. J.W Hummel, K.A. Sudduth, and S.E. Hollinger, 2001. Soil moisture and organic matter prediction of surface and subsurface soils using an NIR soil sensor. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 32, 149–165.
10. A. Knapen, J. Poesen, G. Govers, G.Gyssels, J. Nachtergaele, 2007. Resistance of soils to concentrated flow erosion: A review. Earth Science Reviews 80, 75-109.
11. P.I.A. Kinnell, 2005. Raindrop-impact-induced erosion processes and prediction: A review. Hydrology Process 19, 2815-2844.
12. O.V. McHugh, T. Steenhuis, B. Abebe, and M. Fernandes, 2007. Performance of in situ rainwater conservation tillage techniques on dry spell mitigation and erosion control in the drought-prone North Wello zone of the Ethiopian highlands. Soil and Tillage Research 97, 19-36.
13. J. Nachtergaele, j. Poesen, 2002. Spatial and temporal variations in resistance of loess derived soils to ephemeral gully erosion. European Journal of Soil Science 53, 449–463.
14. M.A.Nearing, G.R. Foster, L.J. Lane, and S.C. Finkner, 1999. A process-based soil erosion model for USDA Water Erosion Prediction Project technology. Trans. ASAE 32(5), 1587‐1593.
15. R.A. Persyn, T.D. Glanville, T.L. Richard, J.M. Laflen, and P.M.Dixon, 2005. Environmental effects of applying composted organics to new highway embankments: Part III Rill erosion. Trans ASAE 48(5), 1765‐1772.
16. J. Poesen, s.F. Ingelmo and H. Mucher, 1990. The hydrological response of soil surfaces to rainfall as affected by cover and position of rock fragments in the top layer. Earth Surf Process Landforms 15, 653–671.
17. C. Romero, L. Stroosnijder, and G.A. Baigorria, 2007. Interrill and rill erodibility in the northern Andean Highlands. Catena 70, 105–113.
18. S.H. Schoenholtz, H. Van Miegroet, and J.A. Burger, 2000. A review of chemical and physical properties as indicators of forest soil quality: challenges and opportunities. Forest Ecology and Management 138, 335-356.
19. I. Shainberg, D. Goldstein, and G.J. Levy, 1996. Rill erosion dependence on soil water content, aging and temperature. Journal of SSSA 60(3), 916‐922.
20. G.J. Sheridan, H.B. So, R.J. Loch, C. Pocknee, and C.M.Walker, 2000. Use of laboratory scale rill and interrill erodibility measurements for the prediction of hillslope scale erosion on rehabilitated coal mine soils and overburdens. Australian Journal of Soil Research 38, 285–297.
21. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Center of Iran, 2005. The countenance of Iran’s watersheds. The final report of forest range and watersheds management organization. Institute of Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research, Tehran. [In Persian]
22. H.L. Throop, S.R. Archer, H.C. Mongerc, and S. Waltman, 2012. When bulk density methods matter: Implications for estimating soil organic carbon pools in rocky soils. Arid Environments 77, 66-71.
23. D. Torri, M. Sfalaga, and M. Del Sette, 1987. Splash detachment: Runoff depth and soil cohesion. Catena 14, 149‐155.
24. T.J. Toy, G.R. Foster, and K.G. Renard, 2002. Soil erosion processes, prediction measurement under simulated rainfall. Journal of Soil Science 150, 787-798.
25. C. Yao, T. Lei, W.J. Elliot, D.K. McCool, J. Zhao, and S. Chen, 2008. Critical condition for rill initiation. Tran. ASABE 51(1), 107-114.
26. Q. Zhang, T. Lei, and J.Zhao, 2008. Estimation of the detachment rate in eroding rills in flume experiments using an REE tracing method. Geoderma 147, 8-15.
Top