Journal of Hydraulic Structures

Journal of Hydraulic Structures

Sludge-based activated carbon for removal of Cadmium in the water resource; Financial feasibility

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Mehdi Sedighi 1
Vahid Alimohammadi 2
Mojtaba Sedighi 3
Saeed Farahani fard 4
1 Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
3 Department of Finance, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
4 Department of Management and Economics, University of Qom, Qom, Iran
10.22055/jhs.2021.36518.1161
Abstract
Sludge-based activated carbon (AC) was prepared for the cadmium (Cd) removal from the aqueous solution. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared were applied as two main techniques to investigate the surface characterizations of the adsorbent. Response surface methodology (RSM), which was coupled with central composite design (CCD), was applied to study the impact of three major parameters, such as pH, dosage (D) and initial concentrate (C) on the percentage of Cadmium removal. The RSM model indicates that the optimum points of Cd removal were 90% at pH = 8.74 and D/C = 50. The Financial Feasibility and Investment Strategy was also investigated to consider key indicators in the financial feasibility of water treatment projects. The present study shows the systematic investigation of an attractive adsorbent to remove Cd from an aqueous solution. Also, in this study, modern investment strategies and efficient financing methods for water treatment projects are provided. The results showed that this type of adsorbent is appropriately able to eliminate Cd from water and aqueous solution.
Keywords
Wastewater
Cadmium removal
Optimization
RSM
Financial feasibility
  1. Alimohammadi, V., M. Sedighi, and E. Jabbari, Experimental study on efficient removal of total iron from wastewater using magnetic-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Ecological Engineering, 2017. 102: p. 90-97.
  2. Ellis, D., C. Bouchard, and G. Lantagne, Removal of iron and manganese from groundwater by oxidation and microfiltration. Desalination, 2000. 130(3): p. 255-264.
  3. Bukhari, A.A., Investigation of the electro-coagulation treatment process for the removal of total suspended solids and turbidity from municipal wastewater. Bioresource technology, 2008. 99(5): p. 914-921.
  4. Ghasemi, M., Daud, W.R.W., Alam, J., Ilbeygi, H., Sedighi, M., Ismail, A.F., Yazdi, M.H. and Aljlil, S.A., Treatment of two different water resources in desalination and microbial fuel cell processes by poly sulfone/Sulfonated poly ether ether ketone hybrid membrane. Energy, 2016. 96: p. 303-313.
  5. Sharififard, H., E. Rezvanpanah, and S.H. Rad, A novel natural chitosan/activated carbon/iron bio-nanocomposite: Sonochemical synthesis, characterization, and application for cadmium removal in batch and continuous adsorption process. Bioresource technology, 2018. 270: p. 562-569.
  6. Bailey, S. E., Olin, T. J., Bricka, R. M., & Adrian, D. D., A review of potentially low-cost sorbents for heavy metals. Water research, 1999. 33(11): p. 2469-2479.
  7. Liu, Y., H. Cheng, and Y. He, Application and mechanism of sludge-based activated carbon for phenol and cyanide removal from bio-treated effluent of coking wastewater. Processes, 2020. 8(1): p. 82.
  8. Mohammadi, M., M. Sedighi, and M. Ghasemi, Systematic investigation of simultaneous removal of phosphate/nitrate from water using Ag/rGO nanocomposite: Development, characterization, performance and mechanism. Research on Chemical Intermediates, 2021: p. 1-19.
  9. Mohammadi, M., Safari, M., Ghasemi, M., Daryasafar, A., & Sedighi, M., Asphaltene adsorption using green nanocomposites: Experimental study and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system modeling. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019. 177: p. 1103-1113.
  10. Deliyanni, E.A., G.Z. Kyzas, and K.A. Matis, Various flotation techniques for metal ions removal. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2017. 225: p. 260-264.
  11. Alimohammadi, V. and M. Sedighi, Reduction of TDS in water by using magnetic multiwalled carbon nanotubes and optimizing with response surface methodology. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2018. 144(3): p. 04017114.
  12. Niazi, L., A. Lashanizadegan, and H. Sharififard, Chestnut oak shells activated carbon: Preparation, characterization and application for Cr (VI) removal from dilute aqueous solutions. Journal of cleaner production, 2018. 185: p. 554-561.
  13. Sharififard, H., Pepe, F., Soleimani, M., Aprea, P., & Caputo, D., Iron-activated carbon nanocomposite: synthesis, characterization and application for lead removal from aqueous solution. RSC advances, 2016. 6(49): p. 42845-42853.
  14. Mohammadi, M., Safari, M., Ghasemi, M., Daryasafar, A., & Sedighi, M., Asphaltene adsorption using green nanocomposites: Experimental study and adaptive neuro-fuzzy interference system modeling. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019. 177: p. 1103-1113.
  15. Gong, M., Zhu, W., Xu, Z. R., Zhang, H. W., & Yang, H. P., Influence of sludge properties on the direct gasification of dewatered sewage sludge in supercritical water. Renewable Energy, 2014. 66: p. 605-611.
  16. Ren, S., Assessing wastewater toxicity to activated sludge: recent research and developments. Environment international, 2004. 30(8): p. 1151-1164.
  17. Hadi, P., Xu, M., Ning, C., Lin, C. S. K., & McKay, G., A critical review on preparation, characterization and utilization of sludge-derived activated carbons for wastewater treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015. 260: p. 895-906.
  18. Cheng, H., Ai, J., Zhang, W., Fu, X., Du, Y., & Wang, D., Preparation of biological activated carbon (BAC) using aluminum salts conditioned sludge cake for the bio-refractory organic contaminants removal from anaerobically digested liquor. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2019. 561: p. 89-100.
  19. Wang, N., Zhang, W., Cao, B., Yang, P., Cui, F., & Wang, D., Advanced anaerobic digested sludge dewaterability enhancement using sludge based activated carbon (SBAC) in combination with organic polymers. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2018. 350: p. 660-672.
  20. Mohammadi, M., M. Sedighi, and V. Alimohammadi, Modeling and optimization of Nitrate and total Iron removal from wastewater by TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites. International Journal of Nano Dimension, 2019. 10(2): p. 195-208.
  21. Shamshiri, A., Alimohammadi, V., Sedighi, M., Jabbari, E., & Mohammadi, M., Enhanced removal of phosphate and nitrate from aqueous solution using novel modified natural clinoptilolite nanoparticles: process optimization and assessment. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 2020: p. 1-20.
  22. Sedighi, M. and M. Mohammadi, CO2 hydrogenation to light olefins over Cu-CeO2/SAPO-34 catalysts: Product distribution and optimization. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 2020. 35: p. 236-244.
  23. Shamshirgaran, S. R., Al-Kayiem, H. H., Sharma, K. V., & Ghasemi, M., State of the Art of Techno-Economics of Nanofluid-Laden Flat-Plate Solar Collectors for Sustainable Accomplishment. Sustainability, 2020. 12(21): p. 9119.
  24. Sedighi, M., Jahangirnia, H., Gharakhani, M., & Farahani Fard, S., A Novel Hybrid Model for Stock Price Forecasting Based on Metaheuristics and Support Vector Machine. Data, 2019. 4(2): p. 75.
  25. Sedighi, M., H. Jahangirnia, and M. Gharakhani, A new efficient metaheuristic model for stock portfolio management and its performance evaluation by risk-adjusted methods. International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting, 2019. 3(12): p. 63-77.